Protovoters Ontology

The Protovoters Ontology provides a standardized, linked-data representation of voter registration and election participation data. It aligns with NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format), NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange), the Open Civic Data (OCD) Division and Election specifications (OCDEP-0002, OCDEP-0020), and the EU ISA² Core Vocabularies (Core Person Vocabulary, Core Location Vocabulary, and CPSV-AP). SHACL shapes are provided for validation of all core entity types.

An ontology for standardized representation of voter registration and election participation data.

Metadata


URI	`https://protovoters.org/spec`
Version	0.1.0
Modified	2026-02-25
License	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Namespaces

Prefix	URI
pv	https://protovoters.org/spec#
rdfs	http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
rdf	http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
owl	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
skos	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dcat	http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
person	http://www.w3.org/ns/person#
locn	http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#
cv	http://data.europa.eu/m8g/
org	http://www.w3.org/ns/org#
dct	http://purl.org/dc/terms/
adms	http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#
geo	http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
foaf	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
xsd	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
sh	http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#
vann	http://purl.org/vocab/vann/

Entities

Classes

Boundary

Tree

geo:Geometry
- BoundaryThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#Boundary

Description

A time-bounded geographical polygon or geometry representing the spatial extent of a division for a given period. Extends geo:Geometry from the OGC GeoSPARQL standard. The pv:validFrom and pv:validThrough properties constrain the period of validity, enabling historical boundary tracking. Aligns with the validFrom and validThrough fields on Division geometry in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).

Properties with domain Boundary

Property	Description	Range
pv:validFrom	Date the boundary became effective.	`xsd:date`
pv:validThrough	Date the boundary was superseded or abolished.	`xsd:date`

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:Boundary a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Boundary";
    rdfs:comment "A time-bounded geographical boundary of a division.";
    skos:definition "A time-bounded geographical polygon or geometry representing the spatial extent of a division for a given period. Extends geo:Geometry from the OGC GeoSPARQL standard. The pv:validFrom and pv:validThrough properties constrain the period of validity, enabling historical boundary tracking. Aligns with the validFrom and validThrough fields on Division geometry in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002)."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf geo:Geometry.

Division

Tree

dct:Location
- Division
  - pv:Precinct

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#Division

Description

A political geography—such as a state, county, congressional district, or precinct—that may serve as the scope of elections or voter assignments, and which may have multiple time-bounded boundaries over its lifetime. Extends dct:Location. Corresponds to GpUnit and ReportingUnit in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format) and to Division in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002). Identified using OCD-IDs, FIPS codes, Census GEOIDs, or source-specific IDs.

Example

The North Carolina Second Congressional District, identified as ocd-division/country:us/state:nc/cd:2 and FIPS code 37.

Properties with domain Division

Property	Description	Range
pv:boundary	A geographical boundary of a division.	pv:Boundary
pv:geoID	US Census Bureau geographic identifier.	`xsd:string`
pv:divisionID	Source-specific division identifier.	`xsd:string`
pv:divisionName	The human-readable name of the division.	`rdf:langString`
pv:divisionType	The type of reporting unit or political geography.	pv:DivisionTypeValue
pv:fipsCode	US Federal Information Processing Standards code.	`xsd:string`
pv:isAtomic	Whether this division is the smallest unit to which voters are directly assigned.	`xsd:boolean`
pv:ocdID	Open Civic Data Division Identifier.	`xsd:string`
pv:parentDivision	The containing electoral division.	pv:Division

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:Division a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Division";
    rdfs:comment "A political geography such as a state, county, or congressional district.";
    skos:definition "A political geography—such as a state, county, congressional district, or precinct—that may serve as the scope of elections or voter assignments, and which may have multiple time-bounded boundaries over its lifetime. Extends dct:Location. Corresponds to GpUnit and ReportingUnit in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format) and to Division in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002). Identified using OCD-IDs, FIPS codes, Census GEOIDs, or source-specific IDs."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf dct:Location;
    skos:example "The North Carolina Second Congressional District, identified as ocd-division/country:us/state:nc/cd:2 and FIPS code 37."@en;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://open-civic-data.readthedocs.io/en/latest/proposals/0002.html>.

Election

Tree

cv:LifeEvent
- ElectionThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#Election

Description

A collection of political contests held within a political geography that are decided in parallel through a process of compiling official ballots and tallying votes for each option in each contest. Extends cv:LifeEvent from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP. Corresponds to the Election class in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format) and the ocd-election entity in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).

Example

The '2024 North Carolina General Election'@en held on 2024-11-05 under the jurisdiction of ocd-division/country:us/state:nc.

Properties with domain Election

Property	Description	Range
pv:electionEndDate	The last date of the election.	`xsd:date`
pv:electionName	The human-readable name of the election.	`rdf:langString`
pv:electionDate	The first date of the election.	`xsd:date`
pv:electionType	The type of election.	pv:ElectionTypeValue
pv:jurisdiction	The division under whose jurisdiction this election is held.	pv:Division

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:Election a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Election";
    rdfs:comment "A collection of political contests decided in parallel within a jurisdiction.";
    skos:definition "A collection of political contests held within a political geography that are decided in parallel through a process of compiling official ballots and tallying votes for each option in each contest. Extends cv:LifeEvent from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP. Corresponds to the Election class in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format) and the ocd-election entity in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020)."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf cv:LifeEvent;
    skos:example "The '2024 North Carolina General Election'@en held on 2024-11-05 under the jurisdiction of ocd-division/country:us/state:nc."@en;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://open-civic-data.readthedocs.io/en/latest/proposals/0020.html>.

Political Party

Tree

org:Organization
- Political PartyThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#PoliticalParty

Description

A political organisation with which voters, candidates, and public office holders may affiliate. In party-list proportional representation systems, voters may also directly elect political parties. Extends org:Organization from the W3C Organization Ontology. Voter party affiliation is recorded using pv:partyAffiliation and aligns with the Party element in NIST SP 1500-102.

Properties with domain Political Party

Property	Description	Range
pv:partyName	The official name of the political party.	`rdf:langString`

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:PoliticalParty a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Political Party";
    rdfs:comment "A political organization to which voters, candidates, and office holders may be affiliated.";
    skos:definition "A political organisation with which voters, candidates, and public office holders may affiliate. In party-list proportional representation systems, voters may also directly elect political parties. Extends org:Organization from the W3C Organization Ontology. Voter party affiliation is recorded using pv:partyAffiliation and aligns with the Party element in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf org:Organization.

Precinct

Tree

pv:Division
- PrecinctThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#Precinct

Description

The smallest electoral geography to which voters are assigned for voting purposes. A specialisation of pv:Division. Corresponds to a ReportingUnit with type 'precinct' in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and to a leaf-level division in the Open Civic Data Division hierarchy (OCDEP-0002).

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:Precinct a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Precinct";
    rdfs:comment "The smallest division to which voters are assigned.";
    skos:definition "The smallest electoral geography to which voters are assigned for voting purposes. A specialisation of pv:Division. Corresponds to a ReportingUnit with type 'precinct' in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and to a leaf-level division in the Open Civic Data Division hierarchy (OCDEP-0002)."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf pv:Division.

Vote

Tree

cv:Participation
- VoteThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#Vote

Description

A record of a single voter's participation in a specific election, capturing the date voted, voting method, and participation role. Extends cv:Participation from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP, with cv:role set to pv:VoterRole to identify the participant as a voter. Aligns with VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102.

Properties with domain Vote

Property	Description	Range
pv:election	The election in which this vote was cast.	pv:Election
pv:voteDate	The date the vote was cast.	`xsd:date`
pv:voter	The voter who cast this vote.	pv:Voter
pv:votingMethod	The method by which the vote was cast.	pv:VotingMethodValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:Vote a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Vote";
    rdfs:comment "A voter's participation in an election.";
    skos:definition "A record of a single voter's participation in a specific election, capturing the date voted, voting method, and participation role. Extends cv:Participation from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP, with cv:role set to pv:VoterRole to identify the participant as a voter. Aligns with VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf cv:Participation.

Voter

Tree

person:Person
- VoterThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#Voter

Description

A registered voter as recorded in a voter file. Extends person:Person from the W3C ISA² Core Person Vocabulary, inheriting name (foaf:givenName, foaf:familyName), date of birth (cv:birthDate), and typed identifier (adms:identifier) properties. Corresponds to the VoterRecord entity in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).

Example

A voter record for Jane Smith, registered active in Wake County, NC, assigned to precinct 09-01, with a state-voter-registration-id of 'NC-12345678'.

Properties with domain Voter

Property	Description	Range
pv:divisionMembership	A division to which the voter belongs.	pv:Division
pv:hasVoted	A vote cast by this voter.	pv:Vote
pv:hasVoterClassification	An eligibility or status classification asserted for this voter.	pv:VoterClassification
pv:mailingAddress	The voter's mailing address.	`locn:Address`
pv:partyAffiliation	The political party a voter is affiliated with.	pv:PoliticalParty
pv:previousAddress	The voter's previous residential address.	`locn:Address`
pv:registrationDate	The date the voter registered.	`xsd:date`
pv:registrationStatus	The current registration status of a voter.	pv:RegistrationStatusValue
pv:requestMethod	The channel through which the voter's registration was submitted.	pv:RequestMethodValue
pv:residentialAddress	The voter's residential address.	`locn:Address`
pv:voterID	A typed identifier assigned to a voter by the issuing jurisdiction.	pv:VoterId

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:Voter a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Voter";
    rdfs:comment "A registered voter.";
    skos:definition "A registered voter as recorded in a voter file. Extends person:Person from the W3C ISA² Core Person Vocabulary, inheriting name (foaf:givenName, foaf:familyName), date of birth (cv:birthDate), and typed identifier (adms:identifier) properties. Corresponds to the VoterRecord entity in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange)."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf person:Person;
    skos:example "A voter record for Jane Smith, registered active in Wake County, NC, assigned to precinct 09-01, with a state-voter-registration-id of 'NC-12345678'."@en.

Voter Classification

Tree

owl:Thing
- Voter ClassificationThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterClassification

Description

An assertion about a voter's eligibility category or special status, such as US citizenship, active military duty, felon status, or deceased status. A voter may have multiple classifications simultaneously, each carrying a boolean pv:classificationAssertion. Aligns with the VoterClassification class in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).

Example

A VoterClassification with pv:classificationType pv:UnitedStatesCitizen and pv:classificationAssertion true.

Properties with domain Voter Classification

Property	Description	Range
pv:classificationAssertion	Whether this classification applies (true) or is asserted not to apply (false).	`xsd:boolean`
pv:classificationType	The type of voter classification.	pv:VoterClassificationTypeValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:VoterClassification a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Voter Classification";
    rdfs:comment "An eligibility or status assertion for a voter.";
    skos:definition "An assertion about a voter's eligibility category or special status, such as US citizenship, active military duty, felon status, or deceased status. A voter may have multiple classifications simultaneously, each carrying a boolean pv:classificationAssertion. Aligns with the VoterClassification class in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange)."@en;
    skos:example "A VoterClassification with pv:classificationType pv:UnitedStatesCitizen and pv:classificationAssertion true."@en.

Voter Dataset

Tree

dcat:Dataset
- Voter DatasetThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterDataset

Description

A dataset containing a collection of voter file distributions for a given jurisdiction. Extends dcat:Dataset from the W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT). Each dataset should carry at least one pv:datasetJurisdiction linking it to the issuing political geography.

Properties with domain Voter Dataset

Property	Description	Range
pv:datasetJurisdiction	The jurisdiction whose voter data is contained in this dataset.	pv:Division

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:VoterDataset a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Voter Dataset";
    rdfs:comment "A dataset containing a collection of voter files.";
    skos:definition "A dataset containing a collection of voter file distributions for a given jurisdiction. Extends dcat:Dataset from the W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT). Each dataset should carry at least one pv:datasetJurisdiction linking it to the issuing political geography."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf dcat:Dataset.

Voter File

Tree

dcat:Distribution
- Voter FileThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterFile

Description

A single geospatial voter file distribution, distributed as part of a pv:VoterDataset. Extends dcat:Distribution from the W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT).

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:VoterFile a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Voter File";
    rdfs:comment "A geospatial voter file distributed as part of a VoterDataset.";
    skos:definition "A single geospatial voter file distribution, distributed as part of a pv:VoterDataset. Extends dcat:Distribution from the W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT)."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf dcat:Distribution.

Voter Identifier

Tree

adms:Identifier
- Voter IdentifierThis is a leaf node.

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterId

Description

A typed identifier assigned to a voter by an issuing authority (e.g. a state voter registration ID, driver's licence number, or the last four digits of a Social Security Number). A voter may hold multiple identifiers of different types simultaneously. Extends adms:Identifier from the W3C Asset Description Metadata Schema. Aligns with the VoterId class in NIST SP 1500-102.

Example

A VoterId with pv:voterIdType pv:StateVoterRegistrationId and pv:voterIdValue 'NC-12345678'.

Properties with domain Voter Identifier

Property	Description	Range
pv:voterIdType	The type of voter identifier.	pv:VoterIdTypeValue
pv:voterIdValue	The literal value of the voter identifier.	`xsd:string`

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:VoterId a owl:Class;
    rdfs:label "Voter Identifier";
    rdfs:comment "A typed identifier assigned to a voter by an issuing authority.";
    skos:definition "A typed identifier assigned to a voter by an issuing authority (e.g. a state voter registration ID, driver's licence number, or the last four digits of a Social Security Number). A voter may hold multiple identifiers of different types simultaneously. Extends adms:Identifier from the W3C Asset Description Metadata Schema. Aligns with the VoterId class in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subClassOf adms:Identifier;
    skos:example "A VoterId with pv:voterIdType pv:StateVoterRegistrationId and pv:voterIdValue 'NC-12345678'."@en.

Properties

Boundary

Tree

geo:hasGeometry
- Boundary

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#boundary

Description

A time-bounded geographic boundary (geometry) for this division. A sub-property of geo:hasGeometry from the OGC GeoSPARQL standard. The pv:Boundary instance carries pv:validFrom and pv:validThrough to delimit the period during which that geometry was the official boundary. Aligns with the validFrom/validThrough fields on Division geometry in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).

Example

The polygon representing North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District as redrawn following the 2020 Census.

Usage

pv:Division → Boundary → pv:Boundary

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:boundary a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Boundary";
    rdfs:comment "A geographical boundary of a division.";
    skos:definition "A time-bounded geographic boundary (geometry) for this division. A sub-property of geo:hasGeometry from the OGC GeoSPARQL standard. The pv:Boundary instance carries pv:validFrom and pv:validThrough to delimit the period during which that geometry was the official boundary. Aligns with the validFrom/validThrough fields on Division geometry in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002)."@en;
    skos:example "The polygon representing North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District as redrawn following the 2020 Census."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf geo:hasGeometry;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range pv:Boundary.

Census GEOID

Tree

rdf:Property
- Census GEOID

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#geoID

Description

The US Census Bureau GEOID, a concatenated numeric identifier used in Census geographic products (TIGER/Line shapefiles). Equivalent to FIPS codes for states and counties, but extended to Census tracts, block groups, and blocks. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=state-level or local-level in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Example

'37183053102' (Census tract 5310.2 in Wake County, NC).

Usage

pv:Division → Census GEOID → xsd:string

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:geoID a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty;
    rdfs:label "Census GEOID";
    rdfs:comment "US Census Bureau geographic identifier.";
    skos:definition "The US Census Bureau GEOID, a concatenated numeric identifier used in Census geographic products (TIGER/Line shapefiles). Equivalent to FIPS codes for states and counties, but extended to Census tracts, block groups, and blocks. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=state-level or local-level in NIST SP 1500-100r2."@en;
    skos:example "'37183053102' (Census tract 5310.2 in Wake County, NC)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range xsd:string.

Classification Assertion

Tree

rdf:Property
- Classification Assertion

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#classificationAssertion

Description

A boolean indicating whether this classification positively applies (true) or is explicitly asserted not to apply (false) to the voter. Aligns with VoterClassification.Assertion in NIST SP 1500-102.

Example

true (the voter is a United States citizen) or false (the voter does not have an active felony conviction).

Usage

pv:VoterClassification → Classification Assertion → xsd:boolean

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:classificationAssertion a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Classification Assertion";
    rdfs:comment "Whether this classification applies (true) or is asserted not to apply (false).";
    skos:definition "A boolean indicating whether this classification positively applies (true) or is explicitly asserted not to apply (false) to the voter. Aligns with VoterClassification.Assertion in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    skos:example "true (the voter is a United States citizen) or false (the voter does not have an active felony conviction)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:VoterClassification;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean.

Classification Type

Tree

rdf:Property
- Classification Type

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#classificationType

Description

The type of voter eligibility or status classification, drawn from pv:VoterClassificationTypeScheme. Aligns with VoterClassification.Type in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. united-states-citizen, active-duty, felon, deceased).

Usage

pv:VoterClassification → Classification Type → pv:VoterClassificationTypeValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:classificationType a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Classification Type";
    rdfs:comment "The type of voter classification.";
    skos:definition "The type of voter eligibility or status classification, drawn from pv:VoterClassificationTypeScheme. Aligns with VoterClassification.Type in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. united-states-citizen, active-duty, felon, deceased)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:VoterClassification;
    rdfs:range pv:VoterClassificationTypeValue.

Dataset Jurisdiction

Tree

rdf:Property
- Dataset Jurisdiction

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#datasetJurisdiction

Description

The political division whose voter file data is contained in this dataset (e.g. a state or county). At least one jurisdiction must be specified. Aligns with the administrative scope of VoterRecordsInterchange in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:VoterDataset → Dataset Jurisdiction → pv:Division

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:datasetJurisdiction a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Dataset Jurisdiction";
    rdfs:comment "The jurisdiction whose voter data is contained in this dataset.";
    skos:definition "The political division whose voter file data is contained in this dataset (e.g. a state or county). At least one jurisdiction must be specified. Aligns with the administrative scope of VoterRecordsInterchange in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:VoterDataset;
    rdfs:range pv:Division.

Division ID

Tree

rdf:Property
- Division ID

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#divisionID

Description

A source-specific string identifier for jurisdictions that lack a standard OCD-ID, FIPS code, or Census GEOID—for example, a proprietary ID assigned by a state election management system. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=local-level in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Division → Division ID → xsd:string

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:divisionID a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty;
    rdfs:label "Division ID";
    rdfs:comment "Source-specific division identifier.";
    skos:definition "A source-specific string identifier for jurisdictions that lack a standard OCD-ID, FIPS code, or Census GEOID—for example, a proprietary ID assigned by a state election management system. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=local-level in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range xsd:string.

Division Membership

Tree

rdf:Property
- Division Membership

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#divisionMembership

Description

A division—such as a precinct, county, congressional district, or state—in which the voter is registered and eligible to participate in elections. A voter may belong to multiple divisions simultaneously (e.g. their precinct, county, state, and congressional district). Replaces the separate pv:assignedPrecinct and pv:assignedDivision properties. Corresponds to ReportingUnit elements on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → Division Membership → pv:Division

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:divisionMembership a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Division Membership";
    rdfs:comment "A division to which the voter belongs.";
    skos:definition "A division—such as a precinct, county, congressional district, or state—in which the voter is registered and eligible to participate in elections. A voter may belong to multiple divisions simultaneously (e.g. their precinct, county, state, and congressional district). Replaces the separate pv:assignedPrecinct and pv:assignedDivision properties. Corresponds to ReportingUnit elements on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range pv:Division.

Division Name

Tree

rdf:Property
- Division Name

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#divisionName

Description

The human-readable name of the division in one or more languages. Aligns with the InternationalizedText name on GpUnit/ReportingUnit in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Division.name in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).

Example

'North Carolina'@en, 'Wake County'@en, 'Precinct 09-01'@en.

Usage

pv:Division → Division Name → rdf:langString

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:divisionName a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty;
    rdfs:label "Division Name";
    rdfs:comment "The human-readable name of the division.";
    skos:definition "The human-readable name of the division in one or more languages. Aligns with the InternationalizedText name on GpUnit/ReportingUnit in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Division.name in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002)."@en;
    skos:example "'North Carolina'@en, 'Wake County'@en, 'Precinct 09-01'@en."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range rdf:langString.

Division Type

Tree

rdf:Property
- Division Type

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#divisionType

Description

The type of reporting unit or political geography, drawn from pv:DivisionTypeScheme. Aligns with the mandatory ReportingUnit.Type (ReportingUnitType enumeration) in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and with the type component of OCD-IDs in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002) (e.g. state, county, cd, sldl, precinct).

Usage

pv:Division → Division Type → pv:DivisionTypeValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:divisionType a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Division Type";
    rdfs:comment "The type of reporting unit or political geography.";
    skos:definition "The type of reporting unit or political geography, drawn from pv:DivisionTypeScheme. Aligns with the mandatory ReportingUnit.Type (ReportingUnitType enumeration) in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and with the type component of OCD-IDs in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002) (e.g. state, county, cd, sldl, precinct)."@en;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://open-civic-data.readthedocs.io/en/latest/proposals/0002.html>;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range pv:DivisionTypeValue.

election

Tree

rdf:Property
- election

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#election

Description

The election in which this vote was cast. Aligns with the VoterParticipation.ElectionId reference in NIST SP 1500-102 and the ocd-election identifier in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).

Usage

pv:Vote → election → pv:Election

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:election a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "election";
    rdfs:comment "The election in which this vote was cast.";
    skos:definition "The election in which this vote was cast. Aligns with the VoterParticipation.ElectionId reference in NIST SP 1500-102 and the ocd-election identifier in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Vote;
    rdfs:range pv:Election.

Election End Date

Tree

rdf:Property
- Election End Date

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#electionEndDate

Description

The last date of the election. For single-day elections this equals pv:electionDate; for elections with an early voting window it is the last day on which ballots may be cast. Aligns with the mandatory Election.EndDate in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Example

'2024-11-05'^^xsd:date for a single-day election; '2024-11-05'^^xsd:date when pv:electionDate is '2024-10-17'^^xsd:date for an election with early voting.

Usage

pv:Election → Election End Date → xsd:date

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:electionEndDate a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Election End Date";
    rdfs:comment "The last date of the election.";
    skos:definition "The last date of the election. For single-day elections this equals pv:electionDate; for elections with an early voting window it is the last day on which ballots may be cast. Aligns with the mandatory Election.EndDate in NIST SP 1500-100r2."@en;
    skos:example "'2024-11-05'^^xsd:date for a single-day election; '2024-11-05'^^xsd:date when pv:electionDate is '2024-10-17'^^xsd:date for an election with early voting."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Election;
    rdfs:range xsd:date.

Election Name

Tree

rdf:Property
- Election Name

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#electionName

Description

The human-readable name of the election in one or more languages. A required field, aligning with the mandatory Election.Name (InternationalizedText) in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Election.name in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).

Example

'2024 North Carolina General Election'@en

Usage

pv:Election → Election Name → rdf:langString

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:electionName a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty;
    rdfs:label "Election Name";
    rdfs:comment "The human-readable name of the election.";
    skos:definition "The human-readable name of the election in one or more languages. A required field, aligning with the mandatory Election.Name (InternationalizedText) in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Election.name in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020)."@en;
    skos:example "'2024 North Carolina General Election'@en"@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Election;
    rdfs:range rdf:langString.

Election Start Date

Tree

rdf:Property
- Election Start Date

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#electionDate

Description

The first date of the election: election day for single-day elections, or the first day of the early voting period for elections with early voting. Aligns with the mandatory Election.StartDate in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Election.date in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).

Example

'2024-11-05'^^xsd:date (Election Day for the 2024 US General Election).

Usage

pv:Election → Election Start Date → xsd:date

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:electionDate a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Election Start Date";
    rdfs:comment "The first date of the election.";
    skos:definition "The first date of the election: election day for single-day elections, or the first day of the early voting period for elections with early voting. Aligns with the mandatory Election.StartDate in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Election.date in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020)."@en;
    skos:example "'2024-11-05'^^xsd:date (Election Day for the 2024 US General Election)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Election;
    rdfs:range xsd:date.

Election Type

Tree

rdf:Property
- Election Type

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#electionType

Description

The type of election, drawn from pv:ElectionTypeScheme. Aligns with the Election.Type (ElectionType enumeration) in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (general, primary, partisan-primary-closed, partisan-primary-open, runoff, special, other).

Usage

pv:Election → Election Type → pv:ElectionTypeValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:electionType a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Election Type";
    rdfs:comment "The type of election.";
    skos:definition "The type of election, drawn from pv:ElectionTypeScheme. Aligns with the Election.Type (ElectionType enumeration) in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (general, primary, partisan-primary-closed, partisan-primary-open, runoff, special, other)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Election;
    rdfs:range pv:ElectionTypeValue.

FIPS Code

Tree

rdf:Property
- FIPS Code

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#fipsCode

Description

The US Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) numeric code identifying the jurisdiction. State codes are 2 digits; county codes are 5 digits (2-digit state FIPS + 3-digit county FIPS). Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=fips in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102.

Example

'37' (North Carolina state), '37183' (Wake County, NC).

Usage

pv:Division → FIPS Code → xsd:string

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:fipsCode a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty;
    rdfs:label "FIPS Code";
    rdfs:comment "US Federal Information Processing Standards code.";
    skos:definition "The US Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) numeric code identifying the jurisdiction. State codes are 2 digits; county codes are 5 digits (2-digit state FIPS + 3-digit county FIPS). Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=fips in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102."@en;
    skos:example "'37' (North Carolina state), '37183' (Wake County, NC)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range xsd:string.

has voted

Tree

cv:hasParticipation
- has voted

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#hasVoted

Description

Relates a voter to a pv:Vote instance representing their participation in a specific election. A sub-property of cv:hasParticipation from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP. The inverse of pv:voter. Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → has voted → pv:Vote

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:hasVoted a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "has voted";
    rdfs:comment "A vote cast by this voter.";
    skos:definition "Relates a voter to a pv:Vote instance representing their participation in a specific election. A sub-property of cv:hasParticipation from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP. The inverse of pv:voter. Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf cv:hasParticipation;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range pv:Vote;
    owl:inverseOf pv:voter.

Has Voter Classification

Tree

rdf:Property
- Has Voter Classification

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#hasVoterClassification

Description

Attaches an eligibility or status classification assertion to a voter. A voter may have multiple classifications simultaneously (e.g. both pv:UnitedStatesCitizen and pv:ActiveDuty). Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterClassification in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → Has Voter Classification → pv:VoterClassification

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:hasVoterClassification a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Has Voter Classification";
    rdfs:comment "An eligibility or status classification asserted for this voter.";
    skos:definition "Attaches an eligibility or status classification assertion to a voter. A voter may have multiple classifications simultaneously (e.g. both pv:UnitedStatesCitizen and pv:ActiveDuty). Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterClassification in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range pv:VoterClassification.

Is Atomic Division

Tree

rdf:Property
- Is Atomic Division

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#isAtomic

Description

Indicates that this division is an atomic (leaf-level) unit of voter assignment—the smallest geography to which voters are directly assigned in a voter file. Typically a precinct or equivalent. Atomic divisions compose the rows of a voter file; non-atomic divisions (counties, congressional districts, states) contain voters only transitively through their atomic subdivisions.

Example

A precinct division has pv:isAtomic true; a county division has pv:isAtomic false.

Usage

pv:Division → Is Atomic Division → xsd:boolean

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:isAtomic a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Is Atomic Division";
    rdfs:comment "Whether this division is the smallest unit to which voters are directly assigned.";
    skos:definition "Indicates that this division is an atomic (leaf-level) unit of voter assignment—the smallest geography to which voters are directly assigned in a voter file. Typically a precinct or equivalent. Atomic divisions compose the rows of a voter file; non-atomic divisions (counties, congressional districts, states) contain voters only transitively through their atomic subdivisions."@en;
    skos:example "A precinct division has pv:isAtomic true; a county division has pv:isAtomic false."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean.

Jurisdiction

Tree

rdf:Property
- Jurisdiction

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#jurisdiction

Description

The broadest political geography under whose jurisdiction this election is held. A required property. Aligns with the mandatory Election.ElectionScopeId (a reference to a GpUnit) in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and with Election.division_id in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).

Example

The division ocd-division/country:us/state:nc for a North Carolina state-level election.

Usage

pv:Election → Jurisdiction → pv:Division

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:jurisdiction a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Jurisdiction";
    rdfs:comment "The division under whose jurisdiction this election is held.";
    skos:definition "The broadest political geography under whose jurisdiction this election is held. A required property. Aligns with the mandatory Election.ElectionScopeId (a reference to a GpUnit) in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and with Election.division_id in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020)."@en;
    skos:example "The division ocd-division/country:us/state:nc for a North Carolina state-level election."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Election;
    rdfs:range pv:Division.

Mailing Address

Tree

locn:address
- Mailing Address

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#mailingAddress

Description

The voter's mailing address, which may differ from their residential address (e.g. for absentee or overseas voters). A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.MailingAddress in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → Mailing Address → locn:Address

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:mailingAddress a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Mailing Address";
    rdfs:comment "The voter's mailing address.";
    skos:definition "The voter's mailing address, which may differ from their residential address (e.g. for absentee or overseas voters). A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.MailingAddress in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf locn:address;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range locn:Address.

OCD Division Identifier

Tree

rdf:Property
- OCD Division Identifier

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#ocdID

Description

The Open Civic Data Division Identifier (OCD-ID) for this division. OCD-IDs follow the pattern ocd-division/country:<cc>/<type>:<id>[/<type>:<id>]* and provide globally unique, hierarchically structured identifiers for political geographies. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=ocd-id in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102, and with Division.id in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002). See also: Wikidata property P8651.

Example

'ocd-division/country:us/state:nc' (North Carolina), 'ocd-division/country:us/state:nc/cd:2' (NC 2nd Congressional District).

Usage

pv:Division → OCD Division Identifier → xsd:string

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:ocdID a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "OCD Division Identifier";
    rdfs:comment "Open Civic Data Division Identifier.";
    skos:definition "The Open Civic Data Division Identifier (OCD-ID) for this division. OCD-IDs follow the pattern ocd-division/country:<cc>/<type>:<id>[/<type>:<id>]* and provide globally unique, hierarchically structured identifiers for political geographies. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=ocd-id in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102, and with Division.id in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002). See also: Wikidata property P8651."@en;
    skos:example "'ocd-division/country:us/state:nc' (North Carolina), 'ocd-division/country:us/state:nc/cd:2' (NC 2nd Congressional District)."@en;
    rdfs:seeAlso <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P8651>;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range xsd:string.

Parent Division

Tree

rdf:Property
- Parent Division

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#parentDivision

Description

The electoral division that contains this one. A transitive property: if A is the parent of B and B is the parent of C, then A is also a parent of C. Aligns with the hierarchical nesting of OCD Division identifiers (OCDEP-0002) and the ComposingGpUnitIds relationship in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Example

A county division has its state division as its parentDivision.

Usage

pv:Division → Parent Division → pv:Division

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:parentDivision a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:TransitiveProperty;
    rdfs:label "Parent Division";
    rdfs:comment "The containing electoral division.";
    skos:definition "The electoral division that contains this one. A transitive property: if A is the parent of B and B is the parent of C, then A is also a parent of C. Aligns with the hierarchical nesting of OCD Division identifiers (OCDEP-0002) and the ComposingGpUnitIds relationship in NIST SP 1500-100r2."@en;
    skos:example "A county division has its state division as its parentDivision."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Division;
    rdfs:range pv:Division.

Party Affiliation

Tree

rdf:Property
- Party Affiliation

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#partyAffiliation

Description

The political party with which the voter is affiliated, as recorded in the voter file. In jurisdictions that use party-based voter registration (e.g. closed-primary states), this reflects the voter's declared affiliation at time of registration. Aligns with the Party element on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → Party Affiliation → pv:PoliticalParty

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:partyAffiliation a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Party Affiliation";
    rdfs:comment "The political party a voter is affiliated with.";
    skos:definition "The political party with which the voter is affiliated, as recorded in the voter file. In jurisdictions that use party-based voter registration (e.g. closed-primary states), this reflects the voter's declared affiliation at time of registration. Aligns with the Party element on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range pv:PoliticalParty.

Party Name

Tree

rdf:Property
- Party Name

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#partyName

Description

The official name of the political party in one or more languages. Aligns with the name attribute of the Party element in NIST SP 1500-102.

Example

'Democratic Party'@en, 'Republican Party'@en, 'Green Party'@en.

Usage

pv:PoliticalParty → Party Name → rdf:langString

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:partyName a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty;
    rdfs:label "Party Name";
    rdfs:comment "The official name of the political party.";
    skos:definition "The official name of the political party in one or more languages. Aligns with the name attribute of the Party element in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    skos:example "'Democratic Party'@en, 'Republican Party'@en, 'Green Party'@en."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:PoliticalParty;
    rdfs:range rdf:langString.

Previous Address

Tree

locn:address
- Previous Address

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#previousAddress

Description

The voter's previous residential address, used for change-of-address processing and cross-jurisdiction record matching. A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.PreviousAddress in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → Previous Address → locn:Address

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:previousAddress a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Previous Address";
    rdfs:comment "The voter's previous residential address.";
    skos:definition "The voter's previous residential address, used for change-of-address processing and cross-jurisdiction record matching. A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.PreviousAddress in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf locn:address;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range locn:Address.

Registration Date

Tree

rdf:Property
- Registration Date

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#registrationDate

Description

The calendar date on which the voter's registration was created or last updated as active. Aligns with registration-related date fields in NIST SP 1500-102 voter record data.

Example

'2018-03-15'^^xsd:date

Usage

pv:Voter → Registration Date → xsd:date

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:registrationDate a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Registration Date";
    rdfs:comment "The date the voter registered.";
    skos:definition "The calendar date on which the voter's registration was created or last updated as active. Aligns with registration-related date fields in NIST SP 1500-102 voter record data."@en;
    skos:example "'2018-03-15'^^xsd:date"@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range xsd:date.

Registration Status

Tree

rdf:Property
- Registration Status

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#registrationStatus

Description

The current administrative registration status of the voter, drawn from pv:RegistrationStatusScheme. Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterStatus in NIST SP 1500-102, which defines active and inactive. The scheme is extended with pending, cancelled, and pre-registered values. See also: NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → Registration Status → pv:RegistrationStatusValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:registrationStatus a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Registration Status";
    rdfs:comment "The current registration status of a voter.";
    skos:definition "The current administrative registration status of the voter, drawn from pv:RegistrationStatusScheme. Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterStatus in NIST SP 1500-102, which defines active and inactive. The scheme is extended with pending, cancelled, and pre-registered values. See also: NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range pv:RegistrationStatusValue.

Request Method

Tree

rdf:Property
- Request Method

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#requestMethod

Description

The channel or agency through which the voter's registration was originally submitted, drawn from pv:RequestMethodScheme. Important for National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) reporting. Aligns with the RequestMethod enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. voter-via-internet, motor-vehicle-office, registration-drive-from-advocacy-group-or-political-party).

Usage

pv:Voter → Request Method → pv:RequestMethodValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:requestMethod a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Request Method";
    rdfs:comment "The channel through which the voter's registration was submitted.";
    skos:definition "The channel or agency through which the voter's registration was originally submitted, drawn from pv:RequestMethodScheme. Important for National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) reporting. Aligns with the RequestMethod enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. voter-via-internet, motor-vehicle-office, registration-drive-from-advocacy-group-or-political-party)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range pv:RequestMethodValue.

Residential Address

Tree

locn:address
- Residential Address

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#residentialAddress

Description

The voter's current residential address as recorded in the voter file. A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.ResidenceAddress in NIST SP 1500-102 and with the domicile concept in the ISA² Core Person Vocabulary (person:domicile).

Usage

pv:Voter → Residential Address → locn:Address

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:residentialAddress a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Residential Address";
    rdfs:comment "The voter's residential address.";
    skos:definition "The voter's current residential address as recorded in the voter file. A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.ResidenceAddress in NIST SP 1500-102 and with the domicile concept in the ISA² Core Person Vocabulary (person:domicile)."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf locn:address;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range locn:Address.

Valid From

Tree

rdf:Property
- Valid From

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#validFrom

Description

The date on which this boundary became the effective boundary for its division. Aligns with the validFrom field in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).

Example

'2023-01-03'^^xsd:date (the date a newly redrawn congressional district boundary took effect for the 118th Congress).

Usage

pv:Boundary → Valid From → xsd:date

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:validFrom a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Valid From";
    rdfs:comment "Date the boundary became effective.";
    skos:definition "The date on which this boundary became the effective boundary for its division. Aligns with the validFrom field in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002)."@en;
    skos:example "'2023-01-03'^^xsd:date (the date a newly redrawn congressional district boundary took effect for the 118th Congress)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Boundary;
    rdfs:range xsd:date.

Valid Through

Tree

rdf:Property
- Valid Through

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#validThrough

Description

The date on which this boundary was superseded by a new boundary or the division was abolished. Aligns with the validThrough field in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).

Usage

pv:Boundary → Valid Through → xsd:date

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:validThrough a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Valid Through";
    rdfs:comment "Date the boundary was superseded or abolished.";
    skos:definition "The date on which this boundary was superseded by a new boundary or the division was abolished. Aligns with the validThrough field in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Boundary;
    rdfs:range xsd:date.

Vote Date

Tree

rdf:Property
- Vote Date

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#voteDate

Description

The date on which the ballot was physically cast or submitted. May differ from pv:electionDate for early, absentee, or mail voting. Aligns with VoterParticipation date fields in NIST SP 1500-102.

Example

'2024-10-22'^^xsd:date for a ballot cast during early voting ahead of a November 5 election day.

Usage

pv:Vote → Vote Date → xsd:date

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:voteDate a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Vote Date";
    rdfs:comment "The date the vote was cast.";
    skos:definition "The date on which the ballot was physically cast or submitted. May differ from pv:electionDate for early, absentee, or mail voting. Aligns with VoterParticipation date fields in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    skos:example "'2024-10-22'^^xsd:date for a ballot cast during early voting ahead of a November 5 election day."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Vote;
    rdfs:range xsd:date.

voter

Tree

cv:hasParticipant
- voter

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#voter

Description

The voter who cast this vote. A sub-property of cv:hasParticipant from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP, identifying the agent involved in the participation. The inverse of pv:hasVoted. Aligns with the voter identified in VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Vote → voter → pv:Voter

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:voter a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "voter";
    rdfs:comment "The voter who cast this vote.";
    skos:definition "The voter who cast this vote. A sub-property of cv:hasParticipant from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP, identifying the agent involved in the participation. The inverse of pv:hasVoted. Aligns with the voter identified in VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf cv:hasParticipant;
    rdfs:domain pv:Vote;
    rdfs:range pv:Voter.

Voter Identifier

Tree

adms:identifier
- Voter Identifier

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#voterID

Description

Links a pv:Voter to one or more pv:VoterId instances representing typed identifiers issued by the relevant authority. A voter may hold multiple identifiers of different types (e.g. both a state registration ID and a driver's licence number). Extends adms:identifier from the W3C Asset Description Metadata Schema. Aligns with the VoterId association on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102.

Usage

pv:Voter → Voter Identifier → pv:VoterId

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:voterID a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Voter Identifier";
    rdfs:comment "A typed identifier assigned to a voter by the issuing jurisdiction.";
    skos:definition "Links a pv:Voter to one or more pv:VoterId instances representing typed identifiers issued by the relevant authority. A voter may hold multiple identifiers of different types (e.g. both a state registration ID and a driver's licence number). Extends adms:identifier from the W3C Asset Description Metadata Schema. Aligns with the VoterId association on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf adms:identifier;
    rdfs:domain pv:Voter;
    rdfs:range pv:VoterId.

Voter Identifier Type

Tree

rdf:Property
- Voter Identifier Type

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#voterIdType

Description

The type of voter identifier, drawn from pv:VoterIdTypeScheme. Determines what authority or document the identifier value refers to. Aligns with VoterId.Type in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. state-voter-registration-id, drivers-license, ssn4).

Usage

pv:VoterId → Voter Identifier Type → pv:VoterIdTypeValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:voterIdType a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Voter Identifier Type";
    rdfs:comment "The type of voter identifier.";
    skos:definition "The type of voter identifier, drawn from pv:VoterIdTypeScheme. Determines what authority or document the identifier value refers to. Aligns with VoterId.Type in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. state-voter-registration-id, drivers-license, ssn4)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:VoterId;
    rdfs:range pv:VoterIdTypeValue.

Voter Identifier Value

Tree

skos:notation
- Voter Identifier Value

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#voterIdValue

Description

The literal string value of the voter identifier (e.g. a registration number, licence number, or the last four digits of a Social Security Number). Extends skos:notation. Aligns with the string value field of VoterId in NIST SP 1500-102.

Example

'NC-12345678' (state voter registration ID) or '6789' (last four digits of SSN).

Usage

pv:VoterId → Voter Identifier Value → xsd:string

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:voterIdValue a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty;
    rdfs:label "Voter Identifier Value";
    rdfs:comment "The literal value of the voter identifier.";
    skos:definition "The literal string value of the voter identifier (e.g. a registration number, licence number, or the last four digits of a Social Security Number). Extends skos:notation. Aligns with the string value field of VoterId in NIST SP 1500-102."@en;
    skos:example "'NC-12345678' (state voter registration ID) or '6789' (last four digits of SSN)."@en;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:notation;
    rdfs:domain pv:VoterId;
    rdfs:range xsd:string.

Voting Method

Tree

rdf:Property
- Voting Method

URI

https://protovoters.org/spec#votingMethod

Description

The mechanism by which the ballot was cast, drawn from pv:VotingMethodScheme. Aligns with the CountItemType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and voting method fields in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. election-day, absentee-mail, absentee-fwab, early, provisional, uocava).

Usage

pv:Vote → Voting Method → pv:VotingMethodValue

Implementation

turtle

@prefix pv: <https://protovoters.org/spec#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person#>.
@prefix locn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#>.
@prefix cv: <http://data.europa.eu/m8g/>.
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix adms: <http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>.

pv:votingMethod a owl:ObjectProperty, rdf:Property;
    rdfs:label "Voting Method";
    rdfs:comment "The method by which the vote was cast.";
    skos:definition "The mechanism by which the ballot was cast, drawn from pv:VotingMethodScheme. Aligns with the CountItemType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and voting method fields in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. election-day, absentee-mail, absentee-fwab, early, provisional, uocava)."@en;
    rdfs:domain pv:Vote;
    rdfs:range pv:VotingMethodValue.

Enumerations

Division Type

The controlled vocabulary of division (reporting unit) types. Aligns with the ReportingUnitType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and with division type identifiers in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#DivisionTypeScheme

Ballot Batch

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#BallotBatchNotation: ballot-batch

A batch of ballots grouped together for tabulation purposes, used in reporting rather than as a geographic unit. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=ballot-batch in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Ballot Style Area

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#BallotStyleAreaNotation: ballot-style-area

A geographic area associated with a specific ballot style, used where different precincts receive different ballot configurations. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=ballot-style-area in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Borough

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#BoroughDivisionNotation: borough

A borough jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=borough in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

City

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CityDivisionNotation: city

A city jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=city in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

City Council

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CityCouncilDivisionNotation: city-council

A city council district. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=city-council in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Combined Precinct

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CombinedPrecinctNotation: combined-precinct

Two or more precincts combined for reporting purposes. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=combined-precinct in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Congressional District

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CongressionalDistrictNotation: cd

A US Congressional District used to elect members of the House of Representatives. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=congressional in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'cd'.

County

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CountyDivisionNotation: county

A county or county-equivalent jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=county in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'county'.

County Council

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CountyCouncilDivisionNotation: county-council

A county council district. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=county-council in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Drop Box

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#DropBoxNotation: drop-box

A secure ballot drop box where voters may deposit mail or absentee ballots. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=drop-box in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Judicial

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#JudicialDivisionNotation: judicial

A judicial district jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=judicial in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Municipality

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#MunicipalityDivisionNotation: municipality

A municipal jurisdiction (city, town, or village). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=municipality in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Other

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#OtherDivisionNotation: other

A division type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=other in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Place

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PlaceDivisionNotation: place

A Census-designated place, city, town, or village. The preferred OCD type for municipal jurisdictions in the US. Corresponds to OCD type 'place'.

Polling Place

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PollingPlaceNotation: polling-place

A designated polling place where voters assigned to one or more precincts cast ballots on election day. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=polling-place in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Precinct

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PrecinctDivisionNotation: precinct

The smallest electoral geography to which voters are assigned. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=precinct in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

School

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#SchoolDivisionNotation: school

A school district jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=school in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Special

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#SpecialDivisionNotation: special

A special district jurisdiction not covered by other types. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=special in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Split Precinct

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#SplitPrecinctNotation: split-precinct

A precinct divided by a district boundary, resulting in portions of the precinct belonging to different districts. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=split-precinct in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

State

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#StateDivisionNotation: state

A US state or equivalent top-level jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=state in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'state'.

State Legislative District - Lower

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#StateLegislativeLowerNotation: sldl

A state lower legislative chamber district (e.g. a State House district). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=state-house in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'sldl'.

State Legislative District - Upper

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#StateLegislativeUpperNotation: sldu

A state upper legislative chamber district (e.g. a State Senate district). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=state-senate in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'sldu'.

Town

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#TownDivisionNotation: town

A town jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=town in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Township

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#TownshipDivisionNotation: township

A township jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=township in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Utility

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UtilityDivisionNotation: utility

A utility district jurisdiction (e.g. a water or sanitation district with an elected board). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=utility in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Village

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VillageDivisionNotation: village

A village jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=village in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Vote Center

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoteCenterNotation: vote-center

A vote center facility where any voter in the jurisdiction may cast a ballot regardless of their assigned precinct. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=vote-center in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Ward

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#WardDivisionNotation: ward

A ward or voting district within a municipality. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=ward in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Water

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#WaterDivisionNotation: water

A water district jurisdiction with an elected governing board. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=water in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Election Type

The controlled vocabulary of election type values. Aligns with the ElectionType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format).

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ElectionTypeScheme

General

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#GeneralNotation: general

A general election in which all eligible voters may participate regardless of party affiliation, typically held to fill public offices. Corresponds to ElectionType=general in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Other

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#OtherElectionTypeNotation: other

An election type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to ElectionType=other in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Partisan Primary - Closed

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PartisanPrimaryClosedNotation: partisan-primary-closedBroader: pv:Primary

A partisan primary election in which only voters registered with a given political party may vote in that party's primary. Corresponds to ElectionType=partisan-primary-closed in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Partisan Primary - Open

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PartisanPrimaryOpenNotation: partisan-primary-openBroader: pv:Primary

A partisan primary election in which voters may participate in any party's primary regardless of their own registration, subject to state rules. Corresponds to ElectionType=partisan-primary-open in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Primary

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PrimaryNotation: primary

A primary election in which voters select candidates to represent a party in a subsequent general election. Narrower concepts include partisan-primary-closed and partisan-primary-open. Corresponds to ElectionType=primary in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Runoff

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#RunoffNotation: runoff

A runoff election held when no candidate achieves the required threshold in the preceding election. Corresponds to ElectionType=runoff in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Special

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#SpecialNotation: special

A special election held outside the normal election cycle, typically to fill a vacancy. Corresponds to ElectionType=special in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Registration Request Method

The controlled vocabulary of channels through which voter registrations may be submitted. Aligns with the RequestMethod enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange), which in turn reflects the requirements of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA).

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#RequestMethodScheme

Armed Forces Recruitment Office

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ArmedForcesRecruitmentOfficeNotation: armed-forces-recruitment-office

Registration submitted through an armed forces recruitment or enlistment office, as required under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=armed-forces-recruitment-office in NIST SP 1500-102.

Motor Vehicle Office

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#MotorVehicleOfficeNotation: motor-vehicle-office

Registration submitted through a state motor vehicle agency (DMV), the most common NVRA registration channel. Corresponds to RequestMethod=motor-vehicle-office in NIST SP 1500-102.

Other

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#OtherRequestMethodNotation: other

A registration method not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to RequestMethod=other in NIST SP 1500-102.

Other Agency Designated by State

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#OtherAgencyDesignatedByStateNotation: other-agency-designated-by-state

Registration submitted through an agency designated by the state as a voter registration agency under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=other-agency-designated-by-state in NIST SP 1500-102.

Public Assistance Office

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PublicAssistanceOfficeNotation: public-assistance-office

Registration submitted through a public assistance agency (e.g. a social services office), as required under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=public-assistance-office in NIST SP 1500-102.

Registration Drive from Advocacy Group or Political Party

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#RegistrationDriveNotation: registration-drive-from-advocacy-group-or-political-party

Registration submitted via a voter registration drive conducted by an advocacy group or political party. Corresponds to RequestMethod=registration-drive-from-advocacy-group-or-political-party in NIST SP 1500-102.

State-Funded Agency Serving Persons with Disabilities

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#StateFundedAgencyForDisabilitiesNotation: state-funded-agency-serving-persons-with-disabilities

Registration submitted through a state-funded agency serving persons with disabilities, as required under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=state-funded-agency-serving-persons-with-disabilities in NIST SP 1500-102.

Unknown

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UnknownRequestMethodNotation: unknown

The registration request method is unknown. Corresponds to RequestMethod=unknown in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter via Election Registrar's Office

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterViaElectionRegistrarsOfficeNotation: voter-via-election-registrars-office

Registration submitted directly by the voter in person at the election registrar's or election office. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-election-registrars-office in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter via Email

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterViaEmailNotation: voter-via-email

Registration submitted by the voter via email. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-email in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter via Fax

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterViaFaxNotation: voter-via-fax

Registration submitted by the voter via fax. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-fax in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter via Internet

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterViaInternetNotation: voter-via-internet

Registration submitted by the voter online through an internet portal. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-internet in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter via Mail

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterViaMailNotation: voter-via-mail

Registration submitted by the voter by postal mail. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-mail in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter Classification Type

The controlled vocabulary of voter classification types, representing eligibility categories and special status assertions. Aligns with the VoterClassificationType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterClassificationTypeScheme

Activated National Guard

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ActivatedNationalGuardNotation: activated-national-guard

The voter is an activated National Guard member, potentially entitled to UOCAVA absentee voting protections. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=activated-national-guard in NIST SP 1500-102.

Active Duty

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ActiveDutyNotation: active-duty

The voter is on active duty with the US armed forces and is covered under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=active-duty in NIST SP 1500-102.

Active Duty Spouse or Dependent

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ActiveDutySpouseOrDependentNotation: active-duty-spouse-or-dependent

The voter is the spouse or dependent of an active-duty servicemember and is covered under UOCAVA. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=active-duty-spouse-or-dependent in NIST SP 1500-102.

Citizen Abroad - Intent to Return

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CitizenAbroadIntentToReturnNotation: citizen-abroad-intent-to-return

The voter is a US citizen residing abroad who intends to return to their last US domicile. Covered under UOCAVA. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=citizen-abroad-intent-to-return in NIST SP 1500-102.

Citizen Abroad - Never Resided

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CitizenAbroadNeverResidedNotation: citizen-abroad-never-resided

The voter is a US citizen residing abroad who has never resided in the United States, eligible to vote based on their parent's last US domicile. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=citizen-abroad-never-resided in NIST SP 1500-102.

Citizen Abroad - Return Uncertain

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CitizenAbroadReturnUncertainNotation: citizen-abroad-return-uncertain

The voter is a US citizen residing abroad whose intent to return is uncertain. Covered under UOCAVA. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=citizen-abroad-return-uncertain in NIST SP 1500-102.

Deceased

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#DeceasedNotation: deceased

The voter is deceased. This classification is used to flag records for removal from the active voter roll. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=deceased in NIST SP 1500-102.

Declared Incompetent

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#DeclaredIncompetentNotation: declared-incompetent

The voter has been declared mentally incompetent by a court, which may affect their eligibility to vote under applicable state law. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=declared-incompetent in NIST SP 1500-102.

Felon

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#FelonNotation: felon

The voter has an active felony conviction that may disqualify them from voting under applicable state law. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=felon in NIST SP 1500-102.

Other

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#OtherClassificationNotation: other

A voter classification type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=other in NIST SP 1500-102.

Permanently Denied

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PermanentlyDeniedNotation: permanently-denied

The voter has been permanently denied the right to vote. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=permanently-denied in NIST SP 1500-102.

Protected Voter

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ProtectedVoterNotation: protected-voter

The voter's address information is protected from public disclosure (e.g. victims of domestic violence or stalking). Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=protected-voter in NIST SP 1500-102.

Restored Felon

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#RestoredFelonNotation: restored-felon

The voter had a felony conviction whose rights have been restored, making them eligible to vote again. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=restored-felon in NIST SP 1500-102.

United States Citizen

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UnitedStatesCitizenNotation: united-states-citizen

The voter is a US citizen, a fundamental eligibility requirement for voter registration in all US jurisdictions. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=united-states-citizen in NIST SP 1500-102.

Will Be 18 on Election Day

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#EighteenOnElectionDayNotation: eighteen-on-election-day

The voter will turn 18 on or before election day and is therefore eligible to register and vote in that election even if not yet 18 at registration. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=eighteen-on-election-day in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter ID Type

The controlled vocabulary of voter identifier types. Aligns with the VoterIdType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VoterIdTypeScheme

Driver's License

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#DriversLicenseNotation: drivers-license

A state-issued driver's licence number used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=drivers-license in NIST SP 1500-102.

Last 4 Digits of Social Security Number

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#SSN4Notation: ssn4

The last four digits of a US Social Security Number used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=ssn4 in NIST SP 1500-102.

Local Voter Registration ID

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#LocalVoterRegistrationIdNotation: local-voter-registration-id

A locally issued voter registration identifier assigned by a county or municipal election authority. Corresponds to VoterIdType=local-voter-registration-id in NIST SP 1500-102.

Other

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#OtherVoterIdNotation: other

A voter identifier type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to VoterIdType=other in NIST SP 1500-102.

Social Security Number

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#SSNNotation: ssn

A US Social Security Number used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=ssn in NIST SP 1500-102.

State ID

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#StateIdNotation: state-id

A state-issued identification card (non-driver) used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=state-id in NIST SP 1500-102.

State Voter Registration ID

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#StateVoterRegistrationIdNotation: state-voter-registration-id

A statewide voter registration identifier assigned by the state election authority. Corresponds to VoterIdType=state-voter-registration-id in NIST SP 1500-102.

Unknown

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UnknownVoterIdNotation: unknown

The type of voter identifier is unknown. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unknown in NIST SP 1500-102.

Unspecified Document

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UnspecifiedDocumentNotation: unspecified-document

An identification document of unspecified type accepted as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unspecified-document in NIST SP 1500-102.

Unspecified Document with Name and Address

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UnspecifiedDocumentWithNameAndAddressNotation: unspecified-document-with-name-and-address

An unspecified document that includes the voter's name and address, accepted as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unspecified-document-with-name-and-address in NIST SP 1500-102.

Unspecified Document with Photo Identification

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UnspecifiedDocumentWithPhotoIdNotation: unspecified-document-with-photo-identification

An unspecified document bearing a photograph of the voter, accepted as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unspecified-document-with-photo-identification in NIST SP 1500-102.

Voter Registration Status

The controlled vocabulary of voter registration status values. Aligns with the VoterStatus enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (active, inactive) and extends it with pending, cancelled, and pre-registered states to cover the full lifecycle of a voter registration record.

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#RegistrationStatusScheme

Active

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ActiveNotation: active

The voter's registration is current and the voter is eligible to cast a ballot. Corresponds to VoterStatus=active in NIST SP 1500-102.

Cancelled

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#CancelledNotation: cancelled

The voter's registration has been cancelled or purged, for example due to death, felony conviction, or a request by the voter. Extended from NIST SP 1500-102 VoterStatus (which does not define this state).

Inactive

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#InactiveNotation: inactive

The voter's registration exists but has been flagged as inactive, typically due to returned mail, failure to vote in successive elections, or unconfirmed address change. The voter may be required to confirm their address before voting. Corresponds to VoterStatus=inactive in NIST SP 1500-102.

Pending

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PendingNotation: pending

The voter's registration application has been received but not yet verified or fully processed by the registrar. Extended from NIST SP 1500-102 VoterStatus (which does not define this state).

Pre-Registered

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#PreRegisteredNotation: pre-registered

The voter has pre-registered before reaching voting age and their registration will automatically become active when they turn 18. Extended from NIST SP 1500-102 VoterStatus (which does not define this state).

Voting Method

The controlled vocabulary of voting method values, indicating the mechanism by which a ballot was cast. Aligns with the CountItemType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format).

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#VotingMethodScheme

Absentee

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#AbsenteeNotation: absentee

A ballot cast by a voter who is unable or chooses not to vote in person on election day. Narrower concepts include absentee-in-person, absentee-mail, and absentee-fwab. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Absentee - Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#AbsenteeFWABNotation: absentee-fwabBroader: pv:Absentee

A Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) submitted by an overseas or military voter covered under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) as a backup when a state absentee ballot is not received in time. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee-fwab in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Absentee In-Person

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#AbsenteeInPersonNotation: absentee-in-personBroader: pv:Absentee

An absentee ballot cast in person at a designated location before election day. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee-in-person in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Absentee Mail

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#AbsenteeMailNotation: absentee-mailBroader: pv:Absentee

An absentee ballot returned by postal mail. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee-mail in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Early

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#EarlyNotation: early

A ballot cast in person at an early voting location during the early voting period before election day. Corresponds to CountItemType=early in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Election Day

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ElectionDayNotation: election-day

A ballot cast in person at the voter's assigned polling place on election day. Corresponds to CountItemType=election-day in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Other

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#OtherVotingMethodNotation: other

A voting method not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to CountItemType=other in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Provisional

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#ProvisionalNotation: provisional

A provisional (or challenged) ballot cast when the voter's eligibility cannot be confirmed at the polling place, held pending verification. Corresponds to CountItemType=provisional in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

UOCAVA

URI: https://protovoters.org/spec#UOCAVANotation: uocava

A ballot cast by an overseas or uniformed-service voter covered under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). Corresponds to CountItemType=uocava in NIST SP 1500-100r2.

Protovoters Ontology ​

Metadata ​

Namespaces ​

Entities ​

Classes (11) ​

Properties (37) ​

Enumerations (7) ​

Classes ​

Boundary ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Properties with domain Boundary ​

Division ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Example ​

Properties with domain Division ​

Election ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Example ​

Properties with domain Election ​

Political Party ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Properties with domain Political Party ​

Precinct ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Vote ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Properties with domain Vote ​

Voter ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Example ​

Properties with domain Voter ​

Voter Classification ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Example ​

Properties with domain Voter Classification ​

Voter Dataset ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Properties with domain Voter Dataset ​

Voter File ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Voter Identifier ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Example ​

Properties with domain Voter Identifier ​

Properties ​

Boundary ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Example ​

Usage ​

Census GEOID ​

Tree ​

URI ​

Description ​

Example ​

Usage ​

Classification Assertion ​

Protovoters Ontology

Metadata

Namespaces

Entities

Classes (11)

Properties (37)

Enumerations (7)

Classes

Boundary

Tree

URI

Description

Properties with domain Boundary

Division

Tree

URI

Description

Example

Properties with domain Division

Election

Tree

URI

Description

Example

Properties with domain Election

Political Party

Tree

URI

Description

Properties with domain Political Party

Precinct

Tree

URI

Description

Vote

Tree

URI

Description

Properties with domain Vote

Voter

Tree

URI

Description

Example

Properties with domain Voter

Voter Classification

Tree

URI

Description

Example

Properties with domain Voter Classification

Voter Dataset

Tree

URI

Description

Properties with domain Voter Dataset

Voter File

Tree

URI

Description

Voter Identifier

Tree

URI

Description

Example

Properties with domain Voter Identifier

Properties

Boundary

Tree

URI

Description

Example

Usage

Census GEOID

Tree

URI

Description

Example

Usage

Classification Assertion