An ontology for standardized representation of voter registration and election participation data.
The Protovoters Ontology provides a standardized, linked-data representation of voter registration and election participation data. It aligns with NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format), NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange), the Open Civic Data (OCD) Division and Election specifications (OCDEP-0002, OCDEP-0020), and the EU ISA² Core Vocabularies (Core Person Vocabulary, Core Location Vocabulary, and CPSV-AP). SHACL shapes are provided for validation of all core entity types.
A dataset containing a collection of voter files.
A dataset containing a collection of voter file distributions for a given jurisdiction. Extends dcat:Dataset from the W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT). Each dataset should carry at least one pv:datasetJurisdiction linking it to the issuing political geography.
A geospatial voter file distributed as part of a VoterDataset.
A single geospatial voter file distribution, distributed as part of a pv:VoterDataset. Extends dcat:Distribution from the W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT).
A registered voter as recorded in a voter file. Extends person:Person from the W3C ISA² Core Person Vocabulary, inheriting name (foaf:givenName, foaf:familyName), date of birth (cv:birthDate), and typed identifier (adms:identifier) properties. Corresponds to the VoterRecord entity in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).
A voter record for Jane Smith, registered active in Wake County, NC, assigned to precinct 09-01, with a state-voter-registration-id of 'NC-12345678'.
A typed identifier assigned to a voter by an issuing authority.
A typed identifier assigned to a voter by an issuing authority (e.g. a state voter registration ID, driver's licence number, or the last four digits of a Social Security Number). A voter may hold multiple identifiers of different types simultaneously. Extends adms:Identifier from the W3C Asset Description Metadata Schema. Aligns with the VoterId class in NIST SP 1500-102.
A VoterId with pv:voterIdType pv:StateVoterRegistrationId and pv:voterIdValue 'NC-12345678'.
An eligibility or status assertion for a voter.
An assertion about a voter's eligibility category or special status, such as US citizenship, active military duty, felon status, or deceased status. A voter may have multiple classifications simultaneously, each carrying a boolean pv:classificationAssertion. Aligns with the VoterClassification class in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).
A VoterClassification with pv:classificationType pv:UnitedStatesCitizen and pv:classificationAssertion true.
A collection of political contests decided in parallel within a jurisdiction.
A collection of political contests held within a political geography that are decided in parallel through a process of compiling official ballots and tallying votes for each option in each contest. Extends cv:LifeEvent from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP. Corresponds to the Election class in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format) and the ocd-election entity in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).
The '2024 North Carolina General Election'@en held on 2024-11-05 under the jurisdiction of ocd-division/country:us/state:nc.
A record of a single voter's participation in a specific election, capturing the date voted, voting method, and participation role. Extends cv:Participation from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP, with cv:role set to pv:VoterRole to identify the participant as a voter. Aligns with VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102.
A political geography such as a state, county, or congressional district.
A political geography—such as a state, county, congressional district, or precinct—that may serve as the scope of elections or voter assignments, and which may have multiple time-bounded boundaries over its lifetime. Extends dct:Location. Corresponds to GpUnit and ReportingUnit in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format) and to Division in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002). Identified using OCD-IDs, FIPS codes, Census GEOIDs, or source-specific IDs.
The North Carolina Second Congressional District, identified as ocd-division/country:us/state:nc/cd:2 and FIPS code 37.
The smallest division to which voters are assigned.
The smallest electoral geography to which voters are assigned for voting purposes. A specialisation of pv:Division. Corresponds to a ReportingUnit with type 'precinct' in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and to a leaf-level division in the Open Civic Data Division hierarchy (OCDEP-0002).
A time-bounded geographical boundary of a division.
A time-bounded geographical polygon or geometry representing the spatial extent of a division for a given period. Extends geo:Geometry from the OGC GeoSPARQL standard. The pv:validFrom and pv:validThrough properties constrain the period of validity, enabling historical boundary tracking. Aligns with the validFrom and validThrough fields on Division geometry in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).
A political organization to which voters, candidates, and office holders may be affiliated.
A political organisation with which voters, candidates, and public office holders may affiliate. In party-list proportional representation systems, voters may also directly elect political parties. Extends org:Organization from the W3C Organization Ontology. Voter party affiliation is recorded using pv:partyAffiliation and aligns with the Party element in NIST SP 1500-102.
A value from the voter registration status scheme.
A controlled vocabulary term representing a voter's current registration status. Values are drawn from pv:RegistrationStatusScheme, which aligns with the VoterStatus enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (active, inactive) and extends it with pending, cancelled, and pre-registered states. See also: NIST SP 1500-102.
A controlled vocabulary term classifying the type of election. Values are drawn from pv:ElectionTypeScheme, which aligns with the ElectionType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (general, primary, partisan-primary-closed, partisan-primary-open, runoff, special, other).
A controlled vocabulary term for the mechanism by which a ballot was cast. Values are drawn from pv:VotingMethodScheme, which aligns with the CountItemType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (absentee, absentee-in-person, absentee-mail, absentee-fwab, early, election-day, provisional, uocava, other).
A controlled vocabulary term classifying the kind of reporting unit or political geography. Values are drawn from pv:DivisionTypeScheme, which aligns with the ReportingUnitType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and the division type identifiers in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).
A controlled vocabulary term classifying the kind of voter identity document or identifier presented. Values are drawn from pv:VoterIdTypeScheme, which aligns with the VoterIdType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. state-voter-registration-id, drivers-license, ssn4).
A value from the voter classification type scheme.
A controlled vocabulary term classifying the type of voter eligibility assertion. Values are drawn from pv:VoterClassificationTypeScheme, which aligns with the VoterClassificationType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. united-states-citizen, active-duty, felon, deceased).
A value from the registration request method scheme.
A controlled vocabulary term for the channel or agency through which a voter's registration was submitted. Values are drawn from pv:RequestMethodScheme, which aligns with the RequestMethod enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. voter-via-internet, motor-vehicle-office, voter-via-mail).
A typed identifier assigned to a voter by the issuing jurisdiction.
Links a pv:Voter to one or more pv:VoterId instances representing typed identifiers issued by the relevant authority. A voter may hold multiple identifiers of different types (e.g. both a state registration ID and a driver's licence number). Extends adms:identifier from the W3C Asset Description Metadata Schema. Aligns with the VoterId association on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102.
The literal value of the voter identifier.
The literal string value of the voter identifier (e.g. a registration number, licence number, or the last four digits of a Social Security Number). Extends skos:notation. Aligns with the string value field of VoterId in NIST SP 1500-102.
'NC-12345678' (state voter registration ID) or '6789' (last four digits of SSN).
The type of voter identifier, drawn from pv:VoterIdTypeScheme. Determines what authority or document the identifier value refers to. Aligns with VoterId.Type in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. state-voter-registration-id, drivers-license, ssn4).
An eligibility or status classification asserted for this voter.
Attaches an eligibility or status classification assertion to a voter. A voter may have multiple classifications simultaneously (e.g. both pv:UnitedStatesCitizen and pv:ActiveDuty). Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterClassification in NIST SP 1500-102.
The type of voter eligibility or status classification, drawn from pv:VoterClassificationTypeScheme. Aligns with VoterClassification.Type in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. united-states-citizen, active-duty, felon, deceased).
Whether this classification applies (true) or is asserted not to apply (false).
A boolean indicating whether this classification positively applies (true) or is explicitly asserted not to apply (false) to the voter. Aligns with VoterClassification.Assertion in NIST SP 1500-102.
true (the voter is a United States citizen) or false (the voter does not have an active felony conviction).
The current registration status of a voter.
The current administrative registration status of the voter, drawn from pv:RegistrationStatusScheme. Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterStatus in NIST SP 1500-102, which defines active and inactive. The scheme is extended with pending, cancelled, and pre-registered values. See also: NIST SP 1500-102.
The calendar date on which the voter's registration was created or last updated as active. Aligns with registration-related date fields in NIST SP 1500-102 voter record data.
The channel through which the voter's registration was submitted.
The channel or agency through which the voter's registration was originally submitted, drawn from pv:RequestMethodScheme. Important for National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) reporting. Aligns with the RequestMethod enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. voter-via-internet, motor-vehicle-office, registration-drive-from-advocacy-group-or-political-party).
The political party a voter is affiliated with.
The political party with which the voter is affiliated, as recorded in the voter file. In jurisdictions that use party-based voter registration (e.g. closed-primary states), this reflects the voter's declared affiliation at time of registration. Aligns with the Party element on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102.
The voter's current residential address as recorded in the voter file. A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.ResidenceAddress in NIST SP 1500-102 and with the domicile concept in the ISA² Core Person Vocabulary (person:domicile).
The voter's mailing address, which may differ from their residential address (e.g. for absentee or overseas voters). A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.MailingAddress in NIST SP 1500-102.
The voter's previous residential address.
The voter's previous residential address, used for change-of-address processing and cross-jurisdiction record matching. A sub-property of locn:address from the W3C ISA² Core Location Vocabulary. Aligns with Voter.PreviousAddress in NIST SP 1500-102.
A division—such as a precinct, county, congressional district, or state—in which the voter is registered and eligible to participate in elections. A voter may belong to multiple divisions simultaneously (e.g. their precinct, county, state, and congressional district). Replaces the separate pv:assignedPrecinct and pv:assignedDivision properties. Corresponds to ReportingUnit elements on VoterRecord in NIST SP 1500-102.
Relates a voter to a pv:Vote instance representing their participation in a specific election. A sub-property of cv:hasParticipation from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP. The inverse of pv:voter. Aligns with VoterRecord.VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102.
The human-readable name of the election.
The human-readable name of the election in one or more languages. A required field, aligning with the mandatory Election.Name (InternationalizedText) in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Election.name in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).
'2024 North Carolina General Election'@en
The type of election, drawn from pv:ElectionTypeScheme. Aligns with the Election.Type (ElectionType enumeration) in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (general, primary, partisan-primary-closed, partisan-primary-open, runoff, special, other).
The first date of the election: election day for single-day elections, or the first day of the early voting period for elections with early voting. Aligns with the mandatory Election.StartDate in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Election.date in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).
'2024-11-05'^^xsd:date (Election Day for the 2024 US General Election).
The last date of the election. For single-day elections this equals pv:electionDate; for elections with an early voting window it is the last day on which ballots may be cast. Aligns with the mandatory Election.EndDate in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
'2024-11-05'^^xsd:date for a single-day election; '2024-11-05'^^xsd:date when pv:electionDate is '2024-10-17'^^xsd:date for an election with early voting.
The division under whose jurisdiction this election is held.
The broadest political geography under whose jurisdiction this election is held. A required property. Aligns with the mandatory Election.ElectionScopeId (a reference to a GpUnit) in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and with Election.division_id in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).
The division ocd-division/country:us/state:nc for a North Carolina state-level election.
The voter who cast this vote. A sub-property of cv:hasParticipant from the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP, identifying the agent involved in the participation. The inverse of pv:hasVoted. Aligns with the voter identified in VoterParticipation in NIST SP 1500-102.
The election in which this vote was cast.
The election in which this vote was cast. Aligns with the VoterParticipation.ElectionId reference in NIST SP 1500-102 and the ocd-election identifier in the Open Civic Data Election specification (OCDEP-0020).
The date on which the ballot was physically cast or submitted. May differ from pv:electionDate for early, absentee, or mail voting. Aligns with VoterParticipation date fields in NIST SP 1500-102.
'2024-10-22'^^xsd:date for a ballot cast during early voting ahead of a November 5 election day.
The mechanism by which the ballot was cast, drawn from pv:VotingMethodScheme. Aligns with the CountItemType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and voting method fields in NIST SP 1500-102 (e.g. election-day, absentee-mail, absentee-fwab, early, provisional, uocava).
The Open Civic Data Division Identifier (OCD-ID) for this division. OCD-IDs follow the pattern ocd-division/country:<cc>/<type>:<id>[/<type>:<id>]* and provide globally unique, hierarchically structured identifiers for political geographies. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=ocd-id in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102, and with Division.id in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002). See also: Wikidata property P8651.
'ocd-division/country:us/state:nc' (North Carolina), 'ocd-division/country:us/state:nc/cd:2' (NC 2nd Congressional District).
US Federal Information Processing Standards code.
The US Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) numeric code identifying the jurisdiction. State codes are 2 digits; county codes are 5 digits (2-digit state FIPS + 3-digit county FIPS). Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=fips in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102.
'37' (North Carolina state), '37183' (Wake County, NC).
The US Census Bureau GEOID, a concatenated numeric identifier used in Census geographic products (TIGER/Line shapefiles). Equivalent to FIPS codes for states and counties, but extended to Census tracts, block groups, and blocks. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=state-level or local-level in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
'37183053102' (Census tract 5310.2 in Wake County, NC).
A source-specific string identifier for jurisdictions that lack a standard OCD-ID, FIPS code, or Census GEOID—for example, a proprietary ID assigned by a state election management system. Aligns with ExternalIdentifier.Type=local-level in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and SP 1500-102.
The human-readable name of the division.
The human-readable name of the division in one or more languages. Aligns with the InternationalizedText name on GpUnit/ReportingUnit in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and Division.name in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).
'North Carolina'@en, 'Wake County'@en, 'Precinct 09-01'@en.
The type of reporting unit or political geography.
The type of reporting unit or political geography, drawn from pv:DivisionTypeScheme. Aligns with the mandatory ReportingUnit.Type (ReportingUnitType enumeration) in NIST SP 1500-100r2, and with the type component of OCD-IDs in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002) (e.g. state, county, cd, sldl, precinct).
The electoral division that contains this one. A transitive property: if A is the parent of B and B is the parent of C, then A is also a parent of C. Aligns with the hierarchical nesting of OCD Division identifiers (OCDEP-0002) and the ComposingGpUnitIds relationship in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
A county division has its state division as its parentDivision.
Whether this division is the smallest unit to which voters are directly assigned.
Indicates that this division is an atomic (leaf-level) unit of voter assignment—the smallest geography to which voters are directly assigned in a voter file. Typically a precinct or equivalent. Atomic divisions compose the rows of a voter file; non-atomic divisions (counties, congressional districts, states) contain voters only transitively through their atomic subdivisions.
A precinct division has pv:isAtomic true; a county division has pv:isAtomic false.
A time-bounded geographic boundary (geometry) for this division. A sub-property of geo:hasGeometry from the OGC GeoSPARQL standard. The pv:Boundary instance carries pv:validFrom and pv:validThrough to delimit the period during which that geometry was the official boundary. Aligns with the validFrom/validThrough fields on Division geometry in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).
The polygon representing North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District as redrawn following the 2020 Census.
The date on which this boundary became the effective boundary for its division. Aligns with the validFrom field in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).
'2023-01-03'^^xsd:date (the date a newly redrawn congressional district boundary took effect for the 118th Congress).
Date the boundary was superseded or abolished.
The date on which this boundary was superseded by a new boundary or the division was abolished. Aligns with the validThrough field in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).
The jurisdiction whose voter data is contained in this dataset.
The political division whose voter file data is contained in this dataset (e.g. a state or county). At least one jurisdiction must be specified. Aligns with the administrative scope of VoterRecordsInterchange in NIST SP 1500-102.
The official name of the political party.
The official name of the political party in one or more languages. Aligns with the name attribute of the Party element in NIST SP 1500-102.
'Democratic Party'@en, 'Republican Party'@en, 'Green Party'@en.
Voter
The role of a person who casts a vote in an election, used as the cv:role value on pv:Vote instances to indicate that the participating agent is acting as a voter. Aligns with the cv:role pattern in the EU Core Vocabularies CPSV-AP.
The controlled vocabulary of voter registration status values. Aligns with the VoterStatus enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (active, inactive) and extends it with pending, cancelled, and pre-registered states to cover the full lifecycle of a voter registration record.
Active
The voter's registration is current and the voter is eligible to cast a ballot. Corresponds to VoterStatus=active in NIST SP 1500-102.
Inactive
The voter's registration exists but has been flagged as inactive, typically due to returned mail, failure to vote in successive elections, or unconfirmed address change. The voter may be required to confirm their address before voting. Corresponds to VoterStatus=inactive in NIST SP 1500-102.
Pending
The voter's registration application has been received but not yet verified or fully processed by the registrar. Extended from NIST SP 1500-102 VoterStatus (which does not define this state).
Cancelled
The voter's registration has been cancelled or purged, for example due to death, felony conviction, or a request by the voter. Extended from NIST SP 1500-102 VoterStatus (which does not define this state).
Pre-Registered
The voter has pre-registered before reaching voting age and their registration will automatically become active when they turn 18. Extended from NIST SP 1500-102 VoterStatus (which does not define this state).
The controlled vocabulary of election type values. Aligns with the ElectionType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format).
General
A general election in which all eligible voters may participate regardless of party affiliation, typically held to fill public offices. Corresponds to ElectionType=general in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Primary
A primary election in which voters select candidates to represent a party in a subsequent general election. Narrower concepts include partisan-primary-closed and partisan-primary-open. Corresponds to ElectionType=primary in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Partisan Primary - Closed
A partisan primary election in which only voters registered with a given political party may vote in that party's primary. Corresponds to ElectionType=partisan-primary-closed in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Partisan Primary - Open
A partisan primary election in which voters may participate in any party's primary regardless of their own registration, subject to state rules. Corresponds to ElectionType=partisan-primary-open in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Runoff
A runoff election held when no candidate achieves the required threshold in the preceding election. Corresponds to ElectionType=runoff in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Special
A special election held outside the normal election cycle, typically to fill a vacancy. Corresponds to ElectionType=special in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Other
An election type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to ElectionType=other in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
The controlled vocabulary of voting method values, indicating the mechanism by which a ballot was cast. Aligns with the CountItemType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 (Election Results Common Data Format).
Absentee
A ballot cast by a voter who is unable or chooses not to vote in person on election day. Narrower concepts include absentee-in-person, absentee-mail, and absentee-fwab. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Absentee In-Person
An absentee ballot cast in person at a designated location before election day. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee-in-person in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Absentee Mail
An absentee ballot returned by postal mail. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee-mail in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Absentee - Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot
A Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) submitted by an overseas or military voter covered under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) as a backup when a state absentee ballot is not received in time. Corresponds to CountItemType=absentee-fwab in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Early
A ballot cast in person at an early voting location during the early voting period before election day. Corresponds to CountItemType=early in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Election Day
A ballot cast in person at the voter's assigned polling place on election day. Corresponds to CountItemType=election-day in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Provisional
A provisional (or challenged) ballot cast when the voter's eligibility cannot be confirmed at the polling place, held pending verification. Corresponds to CountItemType=provisional in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
UOCAVA
A ballot cast by an overseas or uniformed-service voter covered under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). Corresponds to CountItemType=uocava in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
A voting method not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to CountItemType=other in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
The controlled vocabulary of division (reporting unit) types. Aligns with the ReportingUnitType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and with division type identifiers in the Open Civic Data Division specification (OCDEP-0002).
State
A US state or equivalent top-level jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=state in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'state'.
County
A county or county-equivalent jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=county in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'county'.
Congressional District
A US Congressional District used to elect members of the House of Representatives. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=congressional in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'cd'.
State Legislative District - Lower
A state lower legislative chamber district (e.g. a State House district). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=state-house in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'sldl'.
State Legislative District - Upper
A state upper legislative chamber district (e.g. a State Senate district). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=state-senate in NIST SP 1500-100r2 and OCD type 'sldu'.
Place
A Census-designated place, city, town, or village. The preferred OCD type for municipal jurisdictions in the US. Corresponds to OCD type 'place'.
Precinct
The smallest electoral geography to which voters are assigned. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=precinct in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Combined Precinct
Two or more precincts combined for reporting purposes. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=combined-precinct in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Split Precinct
A precinct divided by a district boundary, resulting in portions of the precinct belonging to different districts. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=split-precinct in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Ward
A ward or voting district within a municipality. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=ward in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Municipality
A municipal jurisdiction (city, town, or village). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=municipality in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Borough
A borough jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=borough in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
City
A city jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=city in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
City Council
A city council district. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=city-council in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
County Council
A county council district. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=county-council in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Town
A town jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=town in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Township
A township jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=township in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Village
A village jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=village in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Vote Center
A vote center facility where any voter in the jurisdiction may cast a ballot regardless of their assigned precinct. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=vote-center in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Polling Place
A designated polling place where voters assigned to one or more precincts cast ballots on election day. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=polling-place in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Drop Box
A secure ballot drop box where voters may deposit mail or absentee ballots. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=drop-box in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
School
A school district jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=school in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Judicial
A judicial district jurisdiction. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=judicial in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Utility
A utility district jurisdiction (e.g. a water or sanitation district with an elected board). Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=utility in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Water
A water district jurisdiction with an elected governing board. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=water in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Ballot Batch
A batch of ballots grouped together for tabulation purposes, used in reporting rather than as a geographic unit. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=ballot-batch in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
Ballot Style Area
A geographic area associated with a specific ballot style, used where different precincts receive different ballot configurations. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=ballot-style-area in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
A special district jurisdiction not covered by other types. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=special in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
A division type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to ReportingUnitType=other in NIST SP 1500-100r2.
The controlled vocabulary of voter identifier types. Aligns with the VoterIdType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).
Driver's License
A state-issued driver's licence number used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=drivers-license in NIST SP 1500-102.
Local Voter Registration ID
A locally issued voter registration identifier assigned by a county or municipal election authority. Corresponds to VoterIdType=local-voter-registration-id in NIST SP 1500-102.
Social Security Number
A US Social Security Number used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=ssn in NIST SP 1500-102.
Last 4 Digits of Social Security Number
The last four digits of a US Social Security Number used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=ssn4 in NIST SP 1500-102.
State ID
A state-issued identification card (non-driver) used as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=state-id in NIST SP 1500-102.
State Voter Registration ID
A statewide voter registration identifier assigned by the state election authority. Corresponds to VoterIdType=state-voter-registration-id in NIST SP 1500-102.
Unspecified Document
An identification document of unspecified type accepted as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unspecified-document in NIST SP 1500-102.
Unspecified Document with Name and Address
An unspecified document that includes the voter's name and address, accepted as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unspecified-document-with-name-and-address in NIST SP 1500-102.
Unspecified Document with Photo Identification
An unspecified document bearing a photograph of the voter, accepted as voter identification. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unspecified-document-with-photo-identification in NIST SP 1500-102.
Unknown
The type of voter identifier is unknown. Corresponds to VoterIdType=unknown in NIST SP 1500-102.
A voter identifier type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to VoterIdType=other in NIST SP 1500-102.
The controlled vocabulary of voter classification types, representing eligibility categories and special status assertions. Aligns with the VoterClassificationType enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange).
Activated National Guard
The voter is an activated National Guard member, potentially entitled to UOCAVA absentee voting protections. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=activated-national-guard in NIST SP 1500-102.
Active Duty
The voter is on active duty with the US armed forces and is covered under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=active-duty in NIST SP 1500-102.
Active Duty Spouse or Dependent
The voter is the spouse or dependent of an active-duty servicemember and is covered under UOCAVA. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=active-duty-spouse-or-dependent in NIST SP 1500-102.
Citizen Abroad - Intent to Return
The voter is a US citizen residing abroad who intends to return to their last US domicile. Covered under UOCAVA. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=citizen-abroad-intent-to-return in NIST SP 1500-102.
Citizen Abroad - Return Uncertain
The voter is a US citizen residing abroad whose intent to return is uncertain. Covered under UOCAVA. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=citizen-abroad-return-uncertain in NIST SP 1500-102.
Citizen Abroad - Never Resided
The voter is a US citizen residing abroad who has never resided in the United States, eligible to vote based on their parent's last US domicile. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=citizen-abroad-never-resided in NIST SP 1500-102.
Deceased
The voter is deceased. This classification is used to flag records for removal from the active voter roll. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=deceased in NIST SP 1500-102.
Declared Incompetent
The voter has been declared mentally incompetent by a court, which may affect their eligibility to vote under applicable state law. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=declared-incompetent in NIST SP 1500-102.
Will Be 18 on Election Day
The voter will turn 18 on or before election day and is therefore eligible to register and vote in that election even if not yet 18 at registration. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=eighteen-on-election-day in NIST SP 1500-102.
Felon
The voter has an active felony conviction that may disqualify them from voting under applicable state law. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=felon in NIST SP 1500-102.
Permanently Denied
The voter has been permanently denied the right to vote. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=permanently-denied in NIST SP 1500-102.
Protected Voter
The voter's address information is protected from public disclosure (e.g. victims of domestic violence or stalking). Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=protected-voter in NIST SP 1500-102.
Restored Felon
The voter had a felony conviction whose rights have been restored, making them eligible to vote again. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=restored-felon in NIST SP 1500-102.
United States Citizen
The voter is a US citizen, a fundamental eligibility requirement for voter registration in all US jurisdictions. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=united-states-citizen in NIST SP 1500-102.
A voter classification type not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to VoterClassificationType=other in NIST SP 1500-102.
The controlled vocabulary of channels through which voter registrations may be submitted. Aligns with the RequestMethod enumeration in NIST SP 1500-102 (Voter Records Interchange), which in turn reflects the requirements of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA).
Armed Forces Recruitment Office
Registration submitted through an armed forces recruitment or enlistment office, as required under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=armed-forces-recruitment-office in NIST SP 1500-102.
Motor Vehicle Office
Registration submitted through a state motor vehicle agency (DMV), the most common NVRA registration channel. Corresponds to RequestMethod=motor-vehicle-office in NIST SP 1500-102.
Other Agency Designated by State
Registration submitted through an agency designated by the state as a voter registration agency under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=other-agency-designated-by-state in NIST SP 1500-102.
Public Assistance Office
Registration submitted through a public assistance agency (e.g. a social services office), as required under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=public-assistance-office in NIST SP 1500-102.
Registration Drive from Advocacy Group or Political Party
Registration submitted via a voter registration drive conducted by an advocacy group or political party. Corresponds to RequestMethod=registration-drive-from-advocacy-group-or-political-party in NIST SP 1500-102.
State-Funded Agency Serving Persons with Disabilities
Registration submitted through a state-funded agency serving persons with disabilities, as required under the NVRA. Corresponds to RequestMethod=state-funded-agency-serving-persons-with-disabilities in NIST SP 1500-102.
Voter via Election Registrar's Office
Registration submitted directly by the voter in person at the election registrar's or election office. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-election-registrars-office in NIST SP 1500-102.
Voter via Email
Registration submitted by the voter via email. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-email in NIST SP 1500-102.
Voter via Fax
Registration submitted by the voter via fax. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-fax in NIST SP 1500-102.
Voter via Internet
Registration submitted by the voter online through an internet portal. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-internet in NIST SP 1500-102.
Voter via Mail
Registration submitted by the voter by postal mail. Corresponds to RequestMethod=voter-via-mail in NIST SP 1500-102.
The registration request method is unknown. Corresponds to RequestMethod=unknown in NIST SP 1500-102.
A registration method not covered by the other values in this scheme. Corresponds to RequestMethod=other in NIST SP 1500-102.